8^th International conference on Smart Materials and Structures August 01-02, 2019 Dublin, Ireland

A smart structure is a versatile system and combination of sensing, controlling and actuation steps which is like an elemental analogue of human body. Each smart materials acts as unit cells for smart structures in which each cell performs both sensing and actuation functions. It has capability to check for more than one optimum condition and exhibit its function. Smart Structures resist natural calamities and satisfies all the technological demands.

Smart materials have vast applications in the field of engineering such as Aerospace, Defense, Structure and buildings, Marine, Automotive, and Computers and other electronic devices, Civil engineering, Medical equipment applications, and Rotating machinery applications. Innovations in health and beauty side helps in drug-delivery systems, medical clothing, to fabric with moisturizer and anti-aging properties. Many intelligent clothing, wearable technology, and wearable computing projects involve the use of e-textiles. Intelligent Structures of Architecture and Civil Engineering are been a field to reveal and uncover the ancient and magnificent architecture by human on redesigning the earth's geography. The recent research in the area of archeological technology, Structural engineering, and Civil Engineering is going on with various principles of geotechnical, structural, environmental, transportation and construction engineering.

Materials science is a hybridizing discipline which is mainly of design and discovery of new materials. It is the first academic discipline emerged by chemistry of fusion rather fission. The new academic discipline emerged by fusion of metallurgy, ceramics, solid-state physics and chemistry is the field which deals with identification, study and design of materials. Several properties namely bonding nature, shape, form and several other characteristics of a material is discovered so that the materials can be used to their maximum benefit in respective areas. The discipline is important both from a research perspective, as well as from an industrial one.

Architectural technology which is one of the major sectors of civil engineering, which includes advanced innovations in structural engineering, which is very much concerned about the structures or building. In the construction industry, developmental projects usually require the knowledge and understanding of civil engineering and architecture. These are important disciplines that deal with the process of creating structures, such as buildings, airports, churches, houses etc. Both Civil Engineering and Architecture are involved in planning and designing structures. However, architecture focuses more on the spatial functionality and aesthetics of the developmental work and is more concerned with the artistry, look, feel and functionality of the design, while Civil Engineering concentrates on the structural elements of the design, making certain that the structure can endure normal and extreme conditions. Some of the major applications of smart structures include sea defense systems against raising sea levels, under water - on water constructions, floating and green cities architecture

Materials with any external dimension in the Nano scale or having internal structure or surface structure in the Nano scale. It has high surface to volume ratio hence very reactive. Bottom Up and Top down are the two methods for the preparation of nanomaterial.Nano Materials are designed for the benefits in various fields of applied Sciences and Engineering. These materials are Nano in size but have a big impact in the field of material science and engineering. Nano materials are smart materials with definite order of structures. Nanotech research involves practical applications in smart sensors and smart delivery systems and used as  Magnetic Nano devices, Nano-Biosensors, Nano switches and Optical biosensors. Few famous nanoparticles used in industries are monometallic, bimetallic, iron oxide, titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. Nanoparticles in sunscreen, cosmetics, some of the food products, used as chemical catalyst, very good adsorbents, Carbon Nanotubes for stain-resistive textiles, and cerium oxide as a fuel catalyst.

Biomaterials are materials which are used mainly in medical in order to repair or replace the damaged tissue. They have great impact on cell growth and proliferation of tissues. In the emergence of these biocompatible biomaterials as implants, augments that has remolded medical treatment, allowing the development in the fields of tissue engineering and medical bionic devices. Biosensors are the analytical devices which can convert biological responses into electrical signals. Biomaterials have many applications in medical filed such as cancer treatments, artificial ligaments and collagen tissue, joint replacements, bone plates, and applications in contact lenses, and also having some non-medical applications such as to, blood proteins assays, growing cells in culture etc. 

The process of integration of Engineering, Material Science and Biology will lead to production of Smart Bioactive Materials, the field is known as Bionics. The progress of developing these materials and finding ways of processing them and integrating them into existing systems is the current challenge to the research institutes and industry.

Physics and chemistry are the basic natural sciences . Physics gives the broad idea about the matter and dynamic system. It tells about the motion and behavior of any objects through space and time. Chemistry basically tells about the compounds, composition, structure and physicochemical properties. The background of the physics and chemistry is the basic knowledge and are manifestation of every other branch.

Optical and Electronic Smart Materials are the materials that are connected and related with light and electricity. It includes the study, design and manufacturing of smart materials that convert electrical signals into light signals and light signals to electrical signals and the devices which converts is called as an optoelectronic device. Optoelectronics intensifies on the quantum mechanical effects of light on electronic materials, and also in the presence of electric fields, i.e. semiconductors. Optoelectronic technologies consist of laser systems, remote sensing systems, fiber optic communications, optical information systems, and electric eyes medical diagnostic systems.

Structural Monitoring is a system with which a non-intrusive, active damage evaluation mechanism is attached to each structural component to continuously monitor the integrity of the structure or damages. Surface properties include surface tension, surface characterization, charge - charge interaction, etc. Physical properties are like size, shape, surface, compartmentalization, etc. and Mechanical properties include elastic modulus, hardness, fatigue, fracture toughness, etc. gives broad idea about the materials to manufacture desired smart materials. The electrical and magnetic phenomena alter the properties of materials must be studied for better prospective in manufacturing. Rheology is the branch of physics which deals with the deformation and flow of matter, especially for the non-Newtonian flow properties of smart fluids.

Artificial Intelligence is applied when a machine imitates cognitive functions of human beings such as problem solving and learning. Machines and Intelligent systems are gradually taking over more routine day to day task. These machines and systems are mainly designed to do specific tasks in specific situations. There are fascinating examples ranging from chat-robots in healthcare, data-analytics, block chain technology in the energy sector, driverless cars in automotive industry and robot advisors in banking and finance.

A Smart Grid is a system which includes variety of operational and energy measures including renewable energy resources, smart meters, smart appliances and energy efficiency resources. Batteries such as Lithium batteries are used in various types of mobile devices, including communication equipment, computers, entertainment devices, power tools, toys, games, lighting and medical devices. Solar energy has being derived from natural sources that doesn’t harm the behavioral and environmental factors. The energy which is taken from the sun is converted into solar energy (thermal or electrical) for further use. Fuel production is also done from solar energy with the help of high temperature. In energy storage, energy is capture which is produced at one time and is store for future use.

Emerging Materials incorporates wide range of natural and man-made materials that relates the structure, synthesis, properties, characterization, performance and material processing.

 Smart Materials have the ability to return to their original environment or physical state after the removal of stimuli. A good memory is not something which money can buy. Thus the memory of these will play a key role in a way that many types of products are designed and assembled in the future. There are many applications for the technology in the Automotive, Aerospace, Appliance, Medical and Electronics industries.

The support of Government with its initiatives, the initiative R&D investment in the industries and institutions and the adoption of smart material products among various end-user industries like Defense & Aerospace, Automotive, and Consumer electronics has driven the market of smart materials. There is a high demand for smart materials on account of potential growth in emerging economies as well as evolution in Internet of Things (IoTs).It is expected that the smart material market will attain up to billion dollars by 2022. The trend in the market and the factors impacting the market are studied.